10th social guide english medium|book back qustion and answer|World War II

World War II

 

I. Choose the correct answer

1. When did the Japanese formally sign of their surrender?

1. 2 September, 1945
2. 2 October, 1945
3. 15 August, 1945
4. 12 October, 1945

Ans : 2 September, 1945

 

2. Who initiated the formation of League of Nations?

1. Roosevelt
2. Chamberlain
3. Woodrow Wilson
4. Baldwin

Ans : Woodrow Wilson

3. Where was the Japanese Navy defeated by the US Navy?

1. Battle of Guadalcanal
2. Battle of Midway
3. Battle of Leningrad
4. Battle of El Alamein

Ans : Battle of Midway

 

4. Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb?

1. Kavashaki
2. Innoshima
3. Hiroshima
4. Nagasaki

Ans : Hiroshima

5. Who were mainly persecuted by Hitler?

1. Russians
2. Arabs
3. Turks
4. Jews

Ans : Jews

6. Which Prime Minister of England who signed the Munich Pact with Germany?

1. Chamberlain
2. Winston Churchill
3. Lloyd George
4. Stanley Baldwin

Ans : Chamberlain

7. When was the Charter of the UN signed?

1. June 26, 1942
2. June 26, 1945
3. January 1, 1942
4. January 1, 1945

Ans : June 26, 1945

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Hitler attacked ________ which was a demilitarised zone.

Ans : Rhineland

2. The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is known as ________.

Ans : Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

3. ________ started the Lend Lease programme.

Ans : President Roosevelt.

4. Britain Prime Minister ________ resigned in 1940.

Ans : Chamberlain

5. ________ is a device used to find out the enemy aircraft from a distance.

Ans : Radar

III. Choose the Correct Statement

1. Assertion : President Roosevelt realised that the United States had to change its policy of isolation.

Reason : He started a programme of Lend Lease in 1941.

1. Both A and R are correct
2. A is right but R is not the correct reason
3. Both A and R are wrong
4. R is right but it has no relevance to A

Ans : Both A and R are correct

IV. Match the following:

1. Blitzkrieg	Roosevelt
2. Royal Navy	Stalingrad
3. Lend Lease	Solomon Island
4. Volga	Britain
5. Guadalcanal	lightning strike
Ans : 1 – E, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – B, 5 – C

V. Answer briefly:

1. Who were the three prominent dictators of the post World War I ?

The three prominent dictators of the Post World War I were

• Mussolini (Italy)
• Hitler (Germany)
• Franco (Spain)

2. How did Hitler get the support from the people of Germany?

• Hitler was able to exploit the general discontent among the German and rose to power.
• He was gifted with great oratorical skills and was able to sway the people by his impassioned speeches.
• Hitler built his support on the notion of the racial superiority of the Germans as a pure ‘Aryan’ race and a deep hatred of the Jews.
• By promising a return to the glories military past of Germany, he got the support of
  the people.

3. Describe the Pearl Harbour incident.

• In Dec. 1941, Japan attacked American naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii without warning.
• The idea of Japan was to cripple America’s Pacific fleet and to stop any opposition in the South-east Asia.
• Many battleships and numerous fighter planes of America were destroyed.
• It brought the United States with its enormous resources into the war as a part of the Allies.

4. What do you know of Beveridge Report?.

• After the Second World War, all the countries adopted a comprehensive programme of social welfare schemes in addition ensuring civil and political rights.
• In 1942, the Report commonly known as the Beveridge Report was published in the United Kingdom.
• The Report proposed a series of measures which the government should provide to the citizens.
• It includes adequate income, health care, education, housing and employment to overcome poverty and disease which were the major impediments to general welfare.

5. Name the Bretton Woods Twins.

• The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are referred as the “Bretton Woods Twins”.
• These two institutions were established in 1945 after the Bretton Woods Conference.
• Both the institutions are located in Washington D.C in the United States.
• A country cannot be a member of the World Bank without being a member of the Fund

6. What are the objectives of IMF?

Its primary objectives are

• To foster global monetary cooperation,
• Secure financial stability,
• Facilitate international trade,
• Promote high employment and sustainable economic growth
• Reduce poverty around the world.

VI. Answer the following in detail:

2. Analyse the effects of the World War II.

• World War I, began in 1939 and ended in 1945,
• In World War II, the total death toll was 24 million military personnel and nearly 50 million Civilians.

New geo – political power Alignment :

• The world was polarized into two main blocs led by superpowers:
  • United States (Anti communist ideology)
  • Soviet Russia (Communist ideology)

• Europe was divided into,
  • Communist
  • Non – Communist

Nuclear Proliferation :

• The United States and the Soviet Union entered into a race to have more nuclear powered weapons. They built a large stockpile of such weapons.
• Britain and France also developed ther own nuclear weapons.
• Countries began to devote large amount of resources in developing more and more powerful weapons of great destructive power, and defence spending sky – rocketed im many countries.

International Agencies :

• The mistakes of a weak and ineffectual League of Nations were not repeated.
• The United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund came into existence.

Social and Economic changes :

• Social and Economic changes took place in the post – War world.
• Colonial powers were forced to give independence to former colonies in a process of decolonization. India was the first to achieve Independence.
• Women started entering the labour force in great numbers and became economically independent.

3. Assess the structure and the activities of the UN.

The UNO was formed at the end of the second world war. Its main aim is to maintain international peace and security. It was established in October 24, 1945. At present it has 193 member states.

General Assembly and Security Council :

• The General Assembly is the body in which each member state is represented.
• It meets once a year and issues of interest and points of conflict are discussed in the Assembly.
• The Security Council has fifteen members. Five countries – the United States, Britain, France, Russia and China – permanent members, and there are ten temporary members who are elected in rotation.
• These two bodies function like a legislature.
• Each of the permanent members has the right to veto any decision by the other members of the Security Council. This right has often been used to block major decisions, especially by the superpowers, the US and Russia.
• Major issues and conflicts are discussed in the Security Council.

Administrative Structure :

• The executive wing of the United Nations is the UN Secretariat.
• It is headed by Secretary General. He is elected by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
• The Secretary General along with his cabinet and other officials, runs the United Nations.
• The International Court of Justice, headquartered at the Hague in Holland. It is the Judicial wing of the United Nations.
• The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), -is responsible for coordinating all economic and social work of the United Nations.

Other Important Organs of the UN :

1. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO),
2. World Health Organisation (WHO),
3. UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
4. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund)
5. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)

Activities of the UN:

• The United Nations has expanded its activities in response to the changing problems facing the world.
• Thus, in the 1960s, decolonization was an important issue.
• Human rights, the problem of refugees, climate changes, gender equality are all now within the ambit of the activities of the United Nations.
• The UN peace keeping force has acted in many areas of conflict all over the world. The Indian army has an important part in the peace keeping force. It has served in many parts of the world.
• Poor countries and developing countries are given financial assistance by the UNO.